On the day before surgery the patients were told that they would receive auricular acupuncture at specific points or nonacupuncture points in addition to standard postoperative analgesia, and they provided informed consent. On the day of surgery, before induction of anesthesia, the acupuncturist randomly assigned the patients into 2 groups, using the sealed-envelope method. After the acupuncture, the acupuncturist had no further personal contact with the study patients. The group allocation was unblinded after data analysis was completed.
Auricular acupuncture was performed by 1 of 3 certified acupuncturists, including T.I.U. and T.W. (each with more than 5 years of clinical practice). Disposable fixed indwelling steel auricular acupuncture needles (0.22 mm diameter and 1.5 mm long) were inserted before surgery, fixed with skin-coloured adhesive tape and retained in situ until the following morning. The auricular acupuncture group received acupuncture at 3 acupuncture points ipsilateral to the surgery site: knee joint, shenmen and lung. Three nonacupuncture points of the helix ipsilateral to the site of surgery were used for the invasive needle control. The choice of points for auricular acupuncture and sham control has been described in detail previously.12,13
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In conclusion, this study has shown that auricular acupuncture applied to specific acupuncture points reduced the requirement for ibuprofen relative to invasive needle control after ambulatory arthroscopic knee surgery. To assess the genuine clinical effectiveness of auricular acupuncture, this method must now be compared with standard therapy.
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More than four hundred acupuncture points have been described, with the majority located on one of the twenty main cutaneous and subcutaneous meridians, pathways which run throughout the body and according to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) transport qi (氣). Twelve of these major meridians, commonly referred to as "the primary meridians", are bilateral and practitioners[who?] associate them with internal organs. The remaining eight meridians are designated[by whom?] as "extraordinary", and are also bilateral except for three, one that encircles the body near the waist, and two that run along the midline of the body. Only those two extraordinary meridians that run along the midline contain their own points, the remaining six comprise points from the aforementioned twelve primary meridians. There are also points that are not located on the fourteen major meridians but do lie in the complete nexus referred to as jing luo (經絡). Such outliers are often[specify] referred to as "extra points".[1]
There is no anatomical and physiological basis for acupuncture points and meridians.[2] In practice, acupuncture points are located[by whom?] by a combination of anatomical landmarks, palpation, and feedback from the patient.[1]
The eight extraordinary meridians (simplified Chinese: 奇经八脉; traditional Chinese: 奇經八脈; pinyin: qí jīng bā mài) are of pivotal importance in the study of Qigong (氣功; Chi kung), T'ai chi ch'uan (太極拳), and Chinese alchemy.[3] Though many are listed, only the Governing Vessel and the Conception Vessel meridians have points not associated with the previous 12 meridians.
The tables in this article follow the WHO numbering scheme to identify the acupuncture points of the main channels. For extra points the tables follow the numbering scheme found in A Manual of Acupuncture.[1]
To conceptualize meridians and acupressure points, it can be helpful to think about the electricity system within your home. More than likely, your house contains electric wires that connect to the various utilities that you use daily. Your refrigerator, dishwasher, and lights are a few of the features in your home that require electricity to function.
Starting on one side, rub the area firmly with a couple of fingers in a circular motion. After a few moments, switch sides and do the same thing. These points are excellent for emotional balance and boosting the immune system. This practice can be done sitting, standing, or even laying down.
Like with the other points, use your hands to massage them gently as you continue to take deep breaths. After a few moments, bring your fingertips together so that each of your hands resembles little bird beaks. Then, tap each hand on its respective Stomach 36 acupressure point to stimulate the energy.
These points are really helpful for digestion as well as hormone balance. After massaging the arch of your foot, start to bring your hands up your ankle. Do this until your hands are a few inches above your ankle bone, also known as your medial malleolus. This point is Spean 6 and is another one that is great for hormone balance and sleep.
After working with acupressure points, it can be helpful to do some light tapping on your body and then transition into a relaxing meditation. By activating several acupressure points as we just did in this brief routine, you can enjoy the numerous health benefits that each point can bring.
Learning acupressure is like gaining access to your inner resources for health and healing. Whether you want to learn how to overcome headaches, immune imbalances, or back pain, acupressure can be a wonderful tool for personal empowerment. Click on the banner below to learn more about the nourishing benefits that acupressure has to offer and get started today.
Cardinal Points of Acupuncture - PDFNot sure which point to treat? This chart contains 41 Cardinal points that are specific for conditions, functions and areas of the body. Each point is mapped out, listed by condition, point name is also listed by Chinese name with detailed description of point location.
Point formulas for many commonly treated conditions. These formulas contain many points, ideally one should keep the number of points used in any one session to a minimum. Usually, the number would be under 10. Master acupuncturists usually use less than 5 points. The ultimate aim of the Master is to cure with only 1 point.
The sample size was calculated via the effective rate based on the FS-14. In some previous acupuncture studies for CFS, researchers adopted the FS-14 score as one of the primary endpoints. The FS-14 score was applied with the formula:
Based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, the points we chose are for energy balancing, which is necessary for improving the symptoms of CFS. Points such as PC6, ST36, SP6, and LR3 are regional distal points that act on an entire area to improve the state of energy imbalance from which the patient suffers. PC6, ST36, and the empirical point named the Sishen point also comprises a point group aimed at relieving fatigue. This group may help to tranquilise and free the body from tension. To prove the effect, we expect to gather related evidence via the assessment of the chosen scales and plasma indicators.
To find this point on the abdomen, Dr. So says to look in the mirror. "Draw an imaginary line from the bottom of your sternum, the part of your chest where your ribs start to curve away from each other in an upside-down V shape, and your belly button," says Dr. So. "Right at the midpoint of the line drawn from between these two landmarks is a point called Ren 12. You can begin your acupressure by pressing firmly into this point with your thumb or middle finger. Often times, it will feel full or tender to the touch. Hold for 30 seconds and then knead in small clockwise circles for another 60 seconds."
Acupuncture as a therapeutic intervention is widely practiced in the United States. The general theory of acupuncture is based on the premise that there are patterns of energy flow (Qi) through the body that are essential for health. Disruptions of this flow are believed to be responsible for disease. Acupuncture may correct imbalances of flow at identifiable points close to the skin. Findings from basic research have begun to elucidate the mechanisms of action of acupuncture, including the release of opioids and other peptides in the central nervous system and the periphery and changes in neuroendocrine function.
While there have been many studies of its potential usefulness, the vast majority of papers studying acupuncture in the biomedical literature consist of case reports, case series, or intervention studies. One of the difficulties with drawing conclusions from the existing literature is that the term acupuncture is used to describe a variety of treatments that differ in many important aspects according to level of effect (e.g., local, segmental, generalized) and type of acupuncture treatment (e.g., manual versus electrical acupuncture). Many of these studies provide equivocal results because of design, sample size, and other factors. The issue is further complicated by inherent difficulties in the use of appropriate controls, such as placebos and sham acupuncture groups, and by absence of studies comparing acupuncture with conventional biomedical treatments. Some factors needing investigation include frequency, number, and duration of treatments, depth of puncture, number of acupuncture points used, combination with other therapies, sample size, setting, blinding factors, and needle size. Be that as it may, promising results have emerged on the efficacy of acupuncture in adult post-operative and chemotherapy nausea and vomiting and in postoperative dental pain.
In a multi-center, randomized controlled trial, Thomas et al (2005) examined whether patients with persistent non-specific LBP, when offered access to traditional acupuncture care alongside conventional primary care, gained more long-term relief from pain than those offered conventional care only, for equal or less cost. Safety and acceptability of acupuncture care to patients, and the heterogeneity of outcomes were also tested. Patients in the experimental arm were offered the option of referral to the acupuncture service comprising 6 acupuncturists. The control group received usual care from their general practitioner (GP). Eligible patients were randomised in a ratio of 2:1 to the offer of acupuncture to allow between-acupuncturist effects to be tested. Patients were 18 to 65 years of age with non-specific LBP of 4 to 52 weeks' duration, and were assessed as suitable for primary care management by their general practitioner. The trial protocol allowed up to 10 individualized acupuncture treatments per patient. The acupuncturist determined the content and the number of treatments according to patient need. Main outcome measures included the Short Form 36 (SF-36) Bodily Pain dimension (range of 0 to 100 points), assessed at baseline, and 3, 12 and 24 months. Cost-utility analysis was conducted at 24 months using the EuroQoL 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) and a preference-based single index measure derived from the SF-36 (SF-6D). Secondary outcomes included the McGill Present Pain Index (PPI), Oswestry Pain Disability Index (ODI), all other SF-36 dimensions, medication use, pain-free months in the past year, worry about back pain, satisfaction with care received, as well as safety and acceptability of acupuncture care. A total of 159 patients were in the acupuncture offer arm and 80 in the usual care arm. All 159 patients randomized to the offer of acupuncture care chose to receive acupuncture treatment, and received an average of 8 acupuncture treatments within the trial. These investigators found that traditional acupuncture care delivered in a primary care setting was safe and acceptable to patients with non-specific LBP. Acupuncture care and usual care were both associated with clinically significant improvement at 12- and 24-month follow-up. Acupuncture care was significantly more effective in reducing bodily pain than usual care at 24-month follow-up. No benefits relating to function or disability were identified. They concluded that GP referral to a service providing traditional acupuncture care offers a cost-effective intervention for reducing LBP over a 2-year period. 2ff7e9595c
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